\chcode'173=1 \chcode'175=2 \chcode'44=3 \chcode'174=4
\chcode'45=5 \chcode'43=6 \chcode'136=7 \chcode'137=8
\chcode '11=10
 
\chcode'272='3072 % this makes formulas like "$x:=x+1$" and "$f\?:X\to Y$" work
 
\def\%{\char'45 }       % Note, the space after 45 is needed! (e.g.\%0)
 
\def\lft#1{#1\hfill}
\def\ctr#1{\hfill#1\hfill}
\def\rt#1{\hfill#1}
 
\def\rj#1{\hbox to size{\hss#1}}
\def\ctrline#1{\hbox to size{\hss#1\hss}}
 
\def\trace{\chpar0=} \def\jpar{\chpar1=} \def\ragged{\chpar8=}
\def\jjpar{\chpar15=} \def\loose{\chpar14=} \def\uchyph{\chpar16=}
 
\def\macrotrace{\trace'355}
\def\pagetrace{\trace'347}
\def\fullpagetrace{\trace'77777747}
\def\normaltrace{\trace'345}
\trace'344 % this prevents messages about "overfull boxes"
 
\def\log{\mathop{\char l\char o\char g}\limitswitch}
\def\lg{\mathop{\char l\char g}\limitswitch}
\def\ln{\mathop{\char l\char n}\limitswitch}
\def\lim{\mathop{\char l\char i\char m}}
\def\limsup{\mathop{\char l\char i\char m\,\char s\char u\char p}}
\def\liminf{\mathop{\char l\char i\char m\,\char i\char n\char f}}
\def\sin{\mathop{\char s\char i\char n}\limitswitch}
\def\cos{\mathop{\char c\char o\char s}\limitswitch}
\def\tan{\mathop{\char t\char a\char n}\limitswitch}
\def\cot{\mathop{\char c\char o\char t}\limitswitch}
\def\sec{\mathop{\char s\char e\char c}\limitswitch}
\def\csc{\mathop{\char c\char s\char c}\limitswitch}
\def\max{\mathop{\char m\char a\char x}}
\def\min{\mathop{\char m\char i\char n}}
\def\sup{\mathop{\char s\char u\char p}}
\def\inf{\mathop{\char i\char n\char f}}
\def\det{\mathop{\char d\char e\char t}}
\def\exp{\mathop{\char e\char x\char p}\limitswitch}
\def\Pr{\mathop{\char P\char r}}
\def\gcd{\mathop{\char g\char c\char d}}
\def\choose{\comb()}
\def\leftset{\mathopen{\{\,}}
\def\rightset{\mathclose{\,\}}}
\def\modop{\<\,\mathbin{\char m\char o\char d}\<\,}
\def\mod#1{\penalty0\;(\char m\char o\char d\,\,#1)}
\def\eqv{\mathrel\char'421 }
\def\neqv{\mathrel{\not\eqv}}
 
\def\qquad{\quad\quad}
 
\def\ldots{{.\.\.}}
\def\cdots{{\char'401\\char'401\\char'401}}
\def\ldotss{{.\.\.\}}
\def\cdotss{\cdots\}
\def\ldotsm{{\.\.\.\}}
\def\vdots{\vbox{\baselineskip 4pt\vskip 6pt\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}
 
\def\eqalign#1{\baselineskip15pt\lineskip3pt
  \vcenter{\halign{\hfill$\dispstyle{##}$	$\dispstyle{\null##}$\hfill
      \cr#1}}}
\def\eqalignno#1{\baselineskip15pt\lineskip3pt
  \vbox{\tabskip 0pt plus 1000pt minus 1000pt
   \halign to size{\hfill$\dispstyle{##}$\tabskip 0pt
   	$\dispstyle{\null##}$\hfill\tabskip 0 pt plus 1000pt minus 1000pt
   	\hfill$ ##$\tabskip 0pt\cr#1}}}
\def\cpile#1{\vcenter{\halign{\hfill$## $\hfill\cr#1}}}
\def\lpile#1{\vcenter{\halign{$## $\hfill\cr#1}}}
\def\rpile#1{\vcenter{\halign{\hfill$## $\cr#1}}}
\def\null{\hbox{}}
\def\twoline#1#2#3{\vbox{\hbox to size{$\quad\dispstyle{#1}$\hfill}
    \vskip#2\hbox to size{\hfill$\dispstyle{#3}\quad$}}}
 
\def\chop to#1pt#2{\save0\hbox{$\dispstyle{#2}$}\hbox{\lower#1pt\null
    \vbox to 1ht0{\box0\vss}}} % pretends that #2 is #1pt deep
 
\def\spose#1{\hbox to 0pt{#1\hss}}
 
\def\topspace{{\hrule height0pt}\vskip}
        % e.g. "\topspace 1in" puts an inch of space at the top of a page
\font @=[tex]cmathx.tfx
\font a=[tex]cmr9.tfx \font d=[tex]cmr7.tfx \font f=[tex]cmr5.tfx
\font g=[tex]cmi9.tfx \font j=[tex]cmi7.tfx \font l=[tex]cmi5.tfx
\font n=[tex]cms9.tfx
\font q=[tex]cmb9.tfx
\font u=[tex]cmsy9.tfx \font x=[tex]cmsy7.tfX \font z=[tex]cmsy5.tfx
\font ?=[tex]cmti10.tfx
\font c=[tex]xmas25.tfx \font b=[tex]cmtt9.tfx
\font e=[tex]buck75.tfx \font h=[tex]coron.tfx \font i=[tex]cmb10.tfx
\font k=[tex]beesix.tfx \font m=[tex]cmsy10.tfx \font o=[tex]cmr6.tfx
\font p=[tex]cmr8.tfx \font r=[tex]cms8.tfx \font s=[tex]cmb8.tfx
\font t=[tex]cmi8.tfx \font v=[tex]cmi18.tfx \font w=[tex]cmr18.tfx
\font y=[tex]cmss8.tfx \font >=[tex]cmss12.tfx
 
\let \curfont=\:
\def\rm{\curfont a} \def\sl{\curfont n} \def\bf{\curfont q} \def\it{\curfont g}
\def\xm{\curfont c} \def\tt{\curfont b} \def\buck{\curfont e}
\def\coron{\curfont h} \def\bb{\curfont i} \def\bsix{\curfont k}
\def\sy{\curfont m} \def\smallrm{\curfont d} \def\tinyrm{\curfont f}
\def\smallit{\curfont j} \def\tinyit{\curfont l} \def\smallerrm{\curfont o}
\def\midrm{\curfont p} \def\midsl{\curfont r} \def\midbf{\curfont s}
\def\midit{\curfont t} \def\hugeit{\curfont v} \def\hugerm{\curfont w}
\def\smallss{\curfont y} \def \ss{\curfont >}
 
\parindent 35pt  \maxdepth 2pt  \topbaseline 40pt
\parskip 0pt plus 1 pt  \baselineskip 11pt  \lineskip 1pt
\dispskip 12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt
\dispaskip 0pt plus 3pt  \dispbskip 7pt plus 3pt minus 4pt
 
\def\biglp{\mathopen{\vcenter{\hbox{\curfont @\char'0}}}}
\def\bigrp{\mathclose{\vcenter{\hbox{\curfont @\char'1}}}}
\def\bigglp{\mathopen{\vcenter{\hbox{\curfont @\char'22}}}}
\def\biggrp{\mathclose{\vcenter{\hbox{\curfont @\char'23}}}}
\def\biggglp{\mathopen{\vcenter{\hbox{\curfont @\char'40}}}}
\def\bigggrp{\mathclose{\vcenter{\hbox{\curfont @\char'41}}}}
 
\def\goodbrk{\penalty -10000}
\def\badbrk{\penalty 1000}

\mathrm adf \mathit gjl \mathsy uxz \mathex @

\setcount0 1
\def\firstpage{T}
\def\pagenumattop{T}
\def\pagenumatbottom{F}
\def\pageprefix{--}
\def\pagepostfix{--}
\def\istoptext{F}
\def\settoptext#1#2{\gdef\firsttoptext{#1}\gdef\lasttoptext{#2}}

\output {\vbox{\baselineskip 11pt
\if T\istoptext{\hbox to 9truein{\hss\hbox to 7truein{\firsttoptext}\hss}}
 \else{}
\if T\firstpage{\if T\istoptext{\hbox to 9truein{\hss\hbox to
 7truein{\lasttoptext}\hss}}\else{}}\else{
\if T\pagenumattop{\hbox to 9truein{
                    \hss\hbox{\curfont a\pageprefix\count0\pagepostfix}\hss}
 \if T\istoptext{\vskip-11pt\hbox to 9truein{\hss\hbox to 7truein{\lasttoptext}
 \hss}}\else{}}
\else{\if T\istoptext{\hbox to 9truein{\hss\hbox to 7truein{\lasttoptext}
 \hss}}\else{}}}
\hbox to 9truein{\hfill\page\hfill}
\if T\firstpage{}\else{
\if T\pagenumatbottom{\baselineskip 24pt
       \hbox to 9truein{\hss{\curfont a \pageprefix\count0\pagepostfix}\hss}}
\else{}}}
\if T\firstpage {\gdef\firstpage{F}}\else{}
\vfill\advcount0}
\setcount0 1
\def\pageone{\setcount0 1\gdef\firstpage {T}}
\def\pagenumberone{\setcount0 1\gdef\firstpage{F}}
\def\pagermone{\setcount0-1\gdef\firstpage {T}}
\def\pagenumberrmone{\setcount0-1\gdef\firstpage{F}}
 
\def\shll#1{\lower0.5pt\vbox{\moveleft1pt\hbox{#1}}}
\def\shlu#1{\raise1pt\vbox{\hbox{#1}}}
\def\pobsys{\hbox{\sy\shlu{P}\shll{O}\shlu{B}\shlu{S}\shll{Y}\shlu{S} }}

\def\TEX{\hbox{\:aT\hskip-2pt\lower1.94pt\hbox{E}\hskip-2pt X}}
\def\askip{\penalty-200 \vskip24pt plus12pt minus6pt}
\def\bskip{\penalty-50 \vskip3pt plus3pt minus2pt}
\def\indt#1{\noindent \hbox to 34pt {\hskip 0pt plus1000pt minus1000pt#1 }\!}
\def\npar#1{\bskip\indt{#1}}
\def\hpar#1{\par\npar{#1}\hangindent 34pt}
\def\nobrk{\penalty1000}
\def\brk{\penalty-10000}

\def\deg{^{\hbox{\hskip-1pt\:x\char5}}}

\def\sectionskip{\par\excellentbreak\vskip 16pt plus 8pt minus 4pt}
\def\subsecskip{\par\excellentbreak\vskip 10pt plus 5pt minus 2pt}
\def\excellentbreak{\penalty-1000}

\def\hangbox to #1 #2{\par\hangindent #1\noindent
  \hbox to #1{#2}\!}

\def\uline{$\underline{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }$} 

\def\lva#1{\sectionskip\hangbox to 15pt {#1\hfill}}
\def\lvb#1{\sectionskip\hangbox to 35pt {\hbox to 15pt {\hfill}#1\hfill}}
\def\lvc#1{\sectionskip\hangbox to 65pt {\hbox to 35pt {\hfill}#1\hfill}}
\def\lvd#1{\sectionskip\hangbox to 105pt {\hbox to 65pt {\hfill}#1\hfill}}
\def\lve#1{\sectionskip\hangbox to 155pt {\hbox to 105pt {\hfill}#1\hfill}}

\def\setq#1#2{\ifpos#2{\gdef#1{}}
	\else{\gdef#1{-} \setcount#2 -\count#2}
	\xdef#1{#1\count#2}
	\setcount#2#1}

\def\advcountq#1{\setcount9#1
	\advcount9by1
	\setq{#1}9}

\def \list#1{\xdef\lca{#1}}

\def\lca{}
\def\lcb{}
\def\lcc{}
\def\lcd{}
\def\lce{}

\def\hla{\advcountq{\lca}
        \gdef\lcb{0}
        \lva{\lca.}}

\def\hlb{\advcountq{\lcb}
        \gdef\lcc{0}
        \lvb{\lca.\lcb}}

\def\hlc{\advcountq{\lcc}
        \gdef\lcd{0}
        \lvc{\lca.\lcb.\lcc}}

\def\hld{\advcountq{\lcd}
        \gdef\lce{0}
        \lvd{\lca.\lcb.\lcc.\lcd}}

\def\hle{\advcountq{\lce}
        \lve{\lca.\lcb.\lcc.\lcd.\lce}}

\def\ila{\lva{}}

\def\ilb{\lvb{}}

\def\ilc{\lvc{}}

\def\ild{\lvd{}}

\def\ile{\lve{}}

\setcount0 1 % set number to appear at bottom of first page
\def\lj#1{\par\noindent#1\hfill\par}

\def\lja#1{\hangbox to 15pt { }#1}
\def\ljb#1{\hangbox to 35pt { }#1}
\def\ljc#1{\hangbox to 65pt { }#1}
\def\ljd#1{\hangbox to 105pt { }#1}
\def\lje#1{\hangbox to 155pt { }#1}

\def\~{{\sy\char'30}}
\def\lpar#1{\subsecskip\hangbox to 35pt {\hbox to 30pt{#1}\hbox to 5pt{ }}}
\def\lnpar#1{\hangbox to 35pt {\hbox to 30pt{#1}\hbox to 5pt{ }}}
\def\llpar#1{\hangbox to 70pt {\hbox to 35pt{ }\hbox to 30pt{#1}\hbox to 5pt{ }}}
\def\lllpar#1{\hangbox to 105pt {\hbox to 35pt{ }\hbox to 65pt{#1}\hbox to 5pt{ }}}
\def\mpar{\par\hangindent 35pt\noindent\hbox to 70pt{\ }}
\def\mmpar{\par\hangindent 70pt\noindent\hbox to 105pt{\ }}
\def\noterule{\par\subsecskip\hrule width5pc\subsecskip}
\def\al#1{#1\hfill}
\def\ar#1{\hfill#1}
\def\sectitle#1{\par\subsecskip #1 \par\subsecskip}
\def\unitbox#1{\hbox to 35pt{#1}}
\def\doublespace{\baselineskip 20pt}
\def\singlespace{\baselineskip 11pt}
\def\ej{\par\vfill\eject}
\def\ljbox to #1 #2{\vbox{\hbox to #1 {#2\hfill}}}
\def\rjbox to #1 #2{\vbox{\hbox to #1 {\hfill #2}}}
\def\ctrbox to #1 #2{\vbox{\hbox to #1 {\hfill #2\hfill}}}
\def\gap #1{\hbox to #1{}}
\def\ulgap #1{$\underline{\hbox to #1{}}$}
\def\lead{\leaders\hbox to 10pt{\hfill.\hfill}\hfill}
\def\toca#1#2#3{\par\hangindent 35pt\noindent\hbox to size{\hbox to 35pt{#1}
#2\lead #3}}
\def\tocb#1#2#3{\par\hangindent 70pt\noindent\hbox to size{\hbox to 35pt{ }
\hbox to 35pt{#1} #2\lead #3}}
\def\tocc#1#2#3{\par\hangindent 105pt\noindent\hbox to size{\hbox to 70pt{ }
\hbox to 35pt{#1} #2\lead #3}}
\def\tocd#1#2#3{\par\hangindent 140pt\noindent\hbox to size{\hbox to 105pt{ }
\hbox to 35pt{#1} #2\lead #3}}
\def\ul#1{$\underline{\hbox{\rm #1}}$}
\def\eol{\hfil\penalty-10000000}
\def\leadeol{\leaders\hbox to 10pt{\hfill.\hfill}\hfil\penalty-10000000}
\def\footnote#1{\par\nobrk\noindent\hbox to 8pt{#1\hskip 0pt plus1000pt
minus1000pt}\!\hangindent 8pt}

\def\lb{\hskip 0pt plus 100000pt \linebreak}

\rm
\null\vskip-12pt % allow glue at top of first page
\def\hfill{\hskip 0pt plus 100000000pt}
\def\vfill{\vskip 0pt plus 100000000pt}
\hsize 7.5truein
\vsize 10truein